Opioids and Prescription Drugs

 QUICK FACTS:

 

POSSIBLE RISKS:

Increased risk of obstetric complications including2-4:

*It is difficult to determine how much risk is associated with Opioid use versus other coexisting medical problems and substances


Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS):

 

WHAT TO LOOK FOR:

 

 

WHAT TO DO:

References:
  1. Hirai AH, Ko JY, Owens PL, Stocks C, Patrick SW. Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Maternal Opioid-Related Diagnoses in the US, 2010-2017. JAMA. 2021 Jan 12;325(2):146-155. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.24991. PMID: 33433576; PMCID: PMC7804920.
  2. Maeda A, Bateman BT, Clancy CR, Creanga AA, Leffert LR. Opioid abuse and dependence during pregnancy: temporal trends and obstetrical outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2014 Dec;121(6):1158-65. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000472. PMID: 25405293.
  3. Kaltenbach K, Berghella V, Finnegan L. Opioid dependence during pregnancy. Effects and management. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1998 Mar;25(1):139-51. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70362-4. PMID: 9547764.
  4. Azuine RE, Ji Y, Chang HY, Kim Y, Ji H, DiBari J, Hong X, Wang G, Singh GK, Pearson C, Zuckerman B, Surkan PJ, Wang X. Prenatal Risk Factors and Perinatal and Postnatal Outcomes Associated With Maternal Opioid Exposure in an Urban, Low-Income, Multiethnic US Population. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jun 5;2(6):e196405. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6405. PMID: 31251378; PMCID: PMC6604084.
  5. Patrick SW, Barfield WD, Poindexter BB; COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION. Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome. Pediatrics. 2020 Nov;146(5):e2020029074. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-029074. PMID: 33106341.
  6. Velez M, Jansson LM. The Opioid dependent mother and newborn dyad: non-pharmacologic care. J Addict Med. 2008 Sep;2(3):113-20. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e31817e6105. PMID: 19727440; PMCID: PMC2729936.
  7. Kocherlakota P. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. Pediatrics. 2014 Aug;134(2):e547-61. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-3524. PMID: 25070299.
  8. Zelson C, Rubio E, Wasserman E. Neonatal narcotic addiction: 10 year observation. Pediatrics. 1971 Aug;48(2):178-89. PMID: 5560613.